一张20美元钞票的生与死
政府每天印制数百万张纸币. Here's a quick look at what goes into creating a $20 bill and what determines when a bill's lifespan ends.1
纸
A $20 bill starts out life as part of a large sheet of paper. While most paper is made primarily from wood pulp, the paper used by the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and 印刷 doesn't contain any wood at all. Currency paper is composed of a special blend of 75% cotton and 25% linen. It's made with special watermarks and has blue and red fibers embedded in it along with a special security thread.2
Each blank sheet is tracked from the time it leaves the mill until it is printed, and the entire shipment is continuously reconciled to make certain all are accounted for.
印刷
These blank sheets of cotton and linen paper get printed four times. Background images and colors are printed – both sides at once – using offset presses that are over 50 feet long and weigh over 70 tons. 干燥72小时后, 的画像, 小插曲, 漩涡形装饰, 数字, and letters are printed on the back using Intaglio presses that are a mere 40 feet long and weigh only 50 tons. After drying for another 72 hours – in special guarded cages – more portraits, 小插曲, 漩涡形装饰, 数字, and letters are printed on the front using the Intaglio presses. 最后, 序列号, 美联储印章, 财政部印章, and Federal Reserve identification numbers are printed using a letterpress.3
切割和包装
一次干燥, these printed sheets are gathered in stacks of 100 to be cut by a specially designed guillotine cutter. Each new stack of 100 $20 bills is wrapped with a special paper band. Ten of these 100-note stacks are gathered, machine-counted, and shrink-wrapped into a bundle. 然后, 这些收缩包装的包裹中有四捆是整理在一起的, 给定一个特殊的条形码标签, 然后再进行收缩包装，制成4英寸厚的砖,000年法案, 价值80美元,000.3
分销及流通
The Treasury Department ships these newly printed $20 bills to the Federal Reserve Banks, who in turn pay them out to banks and savings and loans – primarily in exchange for old, 的账单. The new bills are handed out to customers of these institutions as they withdraw cash, either through tellers or through automated teller machines.3
一张普通的20美元钞票会经常易手，但即使是美元.S. Bureau of Engraving and 印刷 isn't sure how many times a bill will move from one pocket to the next. Contrary to popular belief, the government doesn't have any way to track individual bills.
There is a polyester security thread embedded in the paper that runs vertically up one side of each bill. 如果你仔细观察, 缩写USA 20, 还有钞票的面额, 一面小旗, 从纸币的两面沿线是否可见. This thread makes currency more difficult to counterfeit, but cannot be tracked electronically.2
撤军
银行收集破损的货币, 将其送到美联储以换取新的票据. The Federal Reserve then sorts through these bills to determine which are still usable. Those bills deemed usable are stored until they can go out again through the commercial banking system. Those deemed no longer usable are cut into confetti-like shreds.4
1. 美联储，2023年
2. USCurrency.政府,2023
3. cep.政府,2023
4. cep.政府,2023
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